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Monday, April 20, 2009

GATE 2009 2010 Syllabus - Computer Science and Engineering

GATE 2009 2010 Syllabus - Computer Science and Engineering
BASIC MATHEMATICS

Mathematical Logic: Propositional Logic, First-order Logic -- Probability: Random variables and expectation, Conditional probability, Independent random variables, Distributions (Uniform, Normal, Exponential, Poisson, Binomial) --

Discrete Mathematics: Sets, Relations, Functions, Groups, Lattice, Boolean algebra, Induction, Recurrence relations -- Combinatorics: Permutations, Combinations, Counting, Summation --

Elementary graph theory: Basic properties, Connectivity, Covering and matching, Planarity -- Elementary concepts of Linear and Matrix Algebra -- Numerical methods: Classical algorithms for interpolation and root finding.

THEORY OF COMPUTATION

Formal Languages and Automata Theory: Regular languages and finite automata, Context free languages and Push-down automata, Recursively enumerable sets and Turing machines, Un-decidability --
Analysis of Algorithms and Computational Complexity: Asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average case) of time and space, Upper and lower bounds on the complexity of specific problems, NP-completeness.

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Digital Logic: Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of Combinational and Sequential circuits -- Number representation and Computer Arithmetic (fixed and floating point) --

Computer Organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and Data-path, hardwired and micro-programmed control, Memory interface, I/O interface (Interrupt and DMA mode), Serial communication interface, Instruction pipelining, Cache, main and secondary storage.

SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

Data structures: Notion of abstract data types, Stack, Queue, List, Set, String, Tree, Binary search tree, Heap, Graph -- Programming Methodology: C programming, Program control (iteration, recursion, Functions), Scope, Binding, Parameter passing, Elementary concepts of Object oriented, Functional and Logic Programming --

Algorithms for problem solving: Tree and graph traversals, Connected components, Spanning trees, Shortest paths -- Hashing, Sorting, Searching -- Design techniques (Greedy, Dynamic Programming, Divide-and-conquer) -- Compiler Design: Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax directed translation, Runtime environment, Code generation, Linking (static and dynamic) --

Operating Systems: Classical concepts (concurrency, synchronization, deadlock), Processes, threads and Inter-process communication, CPU scheduling, Memory management, File systems, I/O systems, Protection and security.

Databases: Relational model (ER-model, relational algebra, tuple calculus), Database design (integrity constraints, normal forms), Query languages (SQL), File structures (sequential files, indexing, B+ trees), Transactions and concurrency control --

Computer Networks: ISO/OSI stack, sliding window protocol, LAN Technologies (Ethernet, Token ring), TCP/UDP, IP, Basic concepts of switches, gateways, and routers.

Monday, April 13, 2009

Here’s how you can reduce the size of the AVI file before uploading it to YouTube or elsewhere:

Here’s how you can reduce the size of the AVI file before uploading it to YouTube or elsewhere:

1> Make sure you have downloaded and installed Zwei-Stein or ZS4. Click on ‘File –> Import –> Import Video Clip‘. From the browser, select the file you want to reduce the size of.

2> Click Destination –> and select Video Format. Here you have to choose the minimal video resolution possible.

3> Again click on Destination –> and select Frames per second. Here, you have the choice to select the desired frames per second. The lesser the value, lesser will be size of the video, but be aware that this reduces the quality of the video as well.

4> And for one last time, click on Destination again –> Select Export –> Video for Windows –> name the file, select sound quality, (high quality will take more space hence choose average quality) and click on OK.

That’s it and you have successfully reduced the size of the AVI file. The software is a freeware if you use it for personal, home use. You have to check with the author if you pan to use the software for commercial software.